INDIA,S CHANDRAYAN MISSION

  • The Chandrayaan project is an ongoing series of outer space missions by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for the exploration of the Moon. The project aims to study the lunar surface, geology, mineralogy, and atmosphere using various scientific instruments. The project consists of three phases so far: Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2, and Chandrayaan-3.
  • Chandrayaan-1 was the first Indian mission to the Moon, launched on 22 October 2008 using a PSLV rocket. The mission consisted of an orbiter and an impactor probe called Moon Impact Probe (MIP). The orbiter mapped the lunar surface in high resolution and detected the presence of water molecules on the Moon. The MIP was released from the orbiter on 14 November 2008 and crashed on the lunar south pole, creating a crater and sending back data on the lunar atmosphere. The mission ended on 29 August 2009 after completing more than 3,400 orbits around the Moon1.
  • Chandrayaan-2 was the second Indian mission to the Moon, launched on 22 July 2019 using a LVM3 rocket. The mission consisted of an orbiter, a soft lander called Vikram, and a rover called Pragyan. The orbiter carried eight scientific instruments from India and one from NASA. The orbiter is still operational and continues to orbit the Moon at an altitude of about 100 km. The lander and rover were designed to land on a flat plain near the lunar south pole and conduct experiments for 14 Earth days. However, the lander lost contact with ISRO during its final descent on 7 September 2019 and crashed on the lunar surface. The rover was housed inside the lander and could not operate after the crash1.
  • Chandrayaan-3 is the third and latest Indian mission to the Moon, launched on 14 July 2023 using a LVM3 rocket. The mission consists of a lander and a rover similar to Chandrayaan-2, but without an orbiter. The mission is a reattempt to land on the lunar south pole region and demonstrate India’s soft landing capability. The lander and rover carry four scientific instruments each from India. The lander successfully touched down on the lunar surface on 23 August 2023, making India the fourth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon after the Soviet Union, the United States, and China. The rover deployed from the lander and started exploring the lunar terrain1.

You can see some images and videos of the Chandrayaan project by clicking on these links:

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