What is Zika virus? How is Zika virus transmitted? Describe in detail.

 Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.

Key features of the Zika virus include:

1. **Symptoms:**
   - The majority of people infected with Zika virus may not show any symptoms, or they may experience mild symptoms.
   - Common symptoms include fever, rash, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, and conjunctivitis (red eyes).
   - Symptoms are usually mild and last for several days to a week.

2. **Complications:**
   - Zika virus infection during pregnancy is of particular concern because it has been linked to birth defects in infants. The most notable birth defect associated with Zika virus is microcephaly, a condition where babies are born with abnormally small heads and underdeveloped brains.
   - Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rare neurological disorder, has also been reported in some individuals following Zika virus infection.

3. **Geographical Distribution:**
   - Zika virus is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas.
   - Outbreaks have occurred in various countries, with notable outbreaks in Brazil in 2015-2016.

4. **Prevention:**
   - There is no specific antiviral treatment for Zika virus infection, so prevention is crucial.
   - Protective measures include using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and using bed nets to prevent mosquito bites.
   - Pregnant women, or those planning to become pregnant, are advised to avoid travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission.

5. **Research and Vaccine Development:**
   - Research efforts have intensified to better understand the virus and develop vaccines. Several vaccines have been under development to protect against Zika virus infection.

6. **Global Response:**
   - The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus a public health emergency of international concern in 2016. Efforts have since been made to coordinate global responses to the virus.

It's important to note that information about Zika virus may evolve as research continues, and public health guidelines may be updated accordingly. Individuals are encouraged to stay informed about travel advisories and take appropriate precautions, particularly if traveling to areas where Zika virus is known to be present.

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